Insilico Comparative Genome Analysis On Resistome Determinants And Mobile Elements Of Ndm Resistance

Abstract

Objective:  The study focuses on a genome wide comparison of NDM carriers in view to analyze the Insertion Sequences (IS) along with other associated antibiotic resistance genes that might accord with the virulence and dissemination of the blaNDM gene.

Material and Methods: A total of 380 plasmids from NCBI were taken for analysis. Out of 380 plasmids analyzed; Resfinder tool sorted 101 plasmids of varying sizes (3kb to 350kb) carrying blaNDM gene from different organism. ISSaga tool annotated ISs (ISAba125, IS26, ISEc33, ISSen4 etc) for the 101 plasmids taken for analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of 101 plasmids using Mafft were clustered based on the IS type and NDM variant.

Results: Aminoglycoside resistance was found among 70 plasmids (69%) followed by sulfonamide resistance (56%) and other beta lactamase resistant genes (39.6%) in addition with blaNDM gene. ISAba125 (34%) is found to be the most prevalent IS followed by IS5D and ISVsa3. ORF sequences analyzed projects on the dispersal capability of these IS to become potential composite/conjugative transposons and hence facilitate transfer of NDM resistance. Phylogenetic tree generated forecasted the intimacy of different plasmids mobilized at global level.

Conclusion: The study gives a predisposing significance on plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance spread both locally and globally influenced of mobile elements. Hence, understanding the genome plasticity and dynamics of transmission of NDM resistance would throw light on the evolutionary pathway of multidrug resistant superbugs.