Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in Pregnancy
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Abstract
Background:It was found that incidence of acute human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19) infection in pregnancy is approximately 1-2%. In pregnant women who are immunocompromised or suffering from pre-existing hematological conditions, or infected fetuses where there is widespread tissueand red cell destruction, mortality and morbidity may occur. Fetal hydrops develops in cases 0-12.5% of infected fetuses with a peak between 17 and 24 weeks’ gestation, while fetal demise is estimated to occur at a rate of 5–10%, with or without the diagnosis of fetal hydrops in cases of unclear pathophysiology.
Objective:To assess the frequency of parvovirus B19 infection in cases of unexplained intrauterine fetal death, non-immune hydrops, and abortion.
Patients and methods:The present study was a cross-sectional study that included female patients who suffered from unexplained intra-uterine fetal death, abortion or, non-immune hydrops. All patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited from Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Zagazig University hospitals and Suez Health Insurance Hospital. We are expectingcases during 6 months study period. Ten (10) cases are expected per month so during 6 months study period, a comprehensive sample of at least 60 patients was determined to be included in the study. A non-probability, consecutive, sampling technique was utilized.
Results:Thirty (50%) cases had intrauterine fetal death, 26 (43.3%) cases had abortion, and 4 (6.6%) cases had non-immune hydrops.Seropositivity for HPV B19 was 53.3% in IUFD cases, 42.3% in cases abortions and 50% incases of non-immune hydrops. Seven cases had abortions in the first trimester and 4 cases in the second trimester. Three cases of them were IgM positive. The patients were diagnosed as missed abortion at 10, 12 and 15 weeks.
Conclusion:The presence of parvovirus B19 seropositivity in cases of unexplained IUFD was 16 cases (53.3%). The presence of parvovirus B19 seropositivity in cases ofunexplained abortion was 11 cases (42.3%).