IMMUNODIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND ASSOCIATED BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchial asthma (BA) are among the most common chronic human diseases. According to GOLD 2019 experts: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a preventable and treatable disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow restriction caused by changes in the airways and alveoli, usually caused by significant airflow ¬ the action of pathogenic particles or gases (GOLD, 2019) The aim of the study was to develop and introduce into clinical practice new scientifically grounded methods of immunodiagnostics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma. The study included 109 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (40 patients with COPD, 32 patients with BA, 37 patients with BA associated with COPD (BA + COPD)). The control group consisted of 36 volunteers without respiratory pathology. Patient groups were examined before treatment, daily during treatment, after treatment and after 3 months. after inpatient treatment. The groups were homogeneous in terms of age, disease duration and number of exacerbations. They differed in gender, smoking index and body weight. Identification of the phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease immunodeficiency was carried out according to the protocol of an open cohort prospective study.). The indicators of the immune status of patients with COPD (n = 40), BA + COPD (n = 37) were compared with the results of examination of healthy individuals (36 people). Blood for the study of the immune status was taken on an empty stomach 2 days after the end of the intake of systemic corticosteroids. Respiratory function was lower in the COPD group. Patients were characterized by a high severity of cough with moderate and high secretion of mucopurulent and purulent sputum. All of the above indicates the transformation of acute pathology of the respiratory system into protracted and chronic forms, which is associated with a failure of the immune defense, including the factors of local immunity of the mucous membrane, which form a vicious circle of regeneration disorders. Bronchial remodeling occurs and requires immunocorrective therapy for COPD and BA associated with COPD (BA + COPD).