Newborn Screening of Sickle Cell Anemia by Lateral Flow Chromatography Immunoassay Test

Abstract

Sickle Cell Anemia is a rare inherited haematological disorder in which RBCs become sickle-shaped in the abnormal haemoglobin S variant's presence.1 This makes severe sickle-shaped blood difficulty passing through small blood vessels, obstructing the normal blood flow, damaging tissues, and finally leading to Sickle Cell Disorder complications.2 The red blood cells contain haemoglobin S live only about 16 days compared to 120 days for normal RBCs.3 Sickle Cell conditions exist in many types, with the most common being Sickle Cell Trait (HbAS), Sickle Cell Disease (HbSS), Sickle-Hb C Disease (HbSC), and Sickle-Hb C Trait (HbAC). 

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

Aim of Study: To screen all Newborn babies born in the hospital at N. K. P. Salve institute of medical sciences & research centre and LataMangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur for Sickle cell anemia by Lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay test. 

Prospective Study. All New-born babies born in the hospital at NKPSIMS to be screened by Lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay test- Scan test kit, Heel prick blood- 5microlitre, Buffer solution. Blood collected by heel prick in capillary tube mixed with buffer solution available with the scan test kit and five drops are added to slide, Results interpreted as per markings on the slide after 5 mins. A number of the sample (n) Female Baby 103, and Male Baby 135. Study Duration 7 months (March 2020 to September 2020), 

RESULT AND CONCLUSION:

The incidence of sickle cell anemia in new-borns by lateral chromatographic immunoassay method by the quick and cheap way in a country like India with minimal resources is the need of an hour, and this newer method will be beneficial to detect and diagnose cases of sickle cell anaemia in new-borns and thereby reduce mortality and morbidity in new-borns due to sickle cell disease.