Gold Nanoparticle based Lipoidic Oral Vaccine against Respiratory Viruses Including SARS-Cov 2

Abstract

Defective functioning of the primary immune cells is now considered as the most important cause of the delayed response and  hyper-inflammatory lung reactions seen in the patients that become seriously ill during infection with SARS CoV-2. These immune defects are seen either in the inefficient  recognition of PAMPs by  the Dendritic cells or manifested in the delayed and hyper-inflammatory cytokine release by the macrophages in the lung. The  innate immune system response is now being postulated as the critical factor in the body’s ability to survive the attack by the virus.

Gold Nanoparticles (GNP) have been studied over past few years because of their ability to act as carriers of vaccines and chemotherapeutic agents. Use of GNP in rats has been noticed to increase  lymphocyte cell populations and cause enhanced activation of macrophages and dendritic cells. Gold ash (elemental gold) formulations have been used in India for ages, for medical conditions ranging from fevers and senility to memory loss . If employed with suitable modifications, such formulations can play the significant role of oral vaccine against the vast range of influenza and corona viruses..