Thyroid Gland Dysfunction and the Accompanying Mental Changes

Abstract

Background: Hypothyroidism is frequently associated with various mental health disorders, primarily due to the interplay between thyroid hormones and brain function. This study aimed to investigate the potential connection between hypothyroidism and its psychological impact, particularly focusing on anxiety and depression.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the psychological impact of hypothyroidism. One hundred and nine (76 female & 33 male) patients were included in this study. Participants were recruited from Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk city and various other laboratory settings. The patients were further classified into two groups according to receiving hormonal therapy (before and after treatment). Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) & Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) used for psychological assessment

Results: Across different TSH categories, there were no significant differences in (HAM-D & HADS) anxiety & depression scales for both male and female hypothyroid patients; also, the HADS score of anxiety and depression shows no significant difference in patients before and after treatment. But HAM-D Scale scores were significantly higher in hypothyroid untreated patients in comparison to euthyroid treated patients.

Conclusion: Anxiety and depressive symptoms are common mental health disorders associated with hypothyroidism. Our study did not find a significant link between TSH regulation and psychological outcomes, but the treatment lowers the severity of mental symptoms. It highlights the complexity of mental health in hypothyroid patients.