Antidiabetic potential of different parts of the Psidiumguajava, Foeniculumvulgareand Nigella sativa extractsusing various solvents systems through GC-MS and human pancreatic β-cell lines (RIN-5F cells) model

Abstract

Background:Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of mortality and the most common metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to lack of insulin production by the pancreas or the inability of the insulin produced to control blood glucose. Medicinal plants are one of the main resources of therapeutic agents. Indeed, 80% of the world’s population uses plants in health care.Despite progress in the management of diabetes mellitus by synthetic drugs most of these drugs have side effects in the long run.
Aim: To study the anti- diabetic enzyme namely alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase in aqueous and methanol extract of combinations of Psidiumguajava, Foeniculumvulgare and Nigella sativa.
Methods: In order to find the antidiabetic efficacy in vitro, alpha amylase and alpha glucosidaseinhibitory analysis was done as per the standard methods in the aqueous and methanolic extract of Psidiumguajava, Foeniculumvulgare and Nigella sativa and combination of both.Preliminary screening of the plant extracts such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of P.guajava, F.vulgareandN.sativa were studied as per the standard protocols.Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to find out the bioactive compounds. To check the cytotoxicity of plant extracts human pancreatic β-cell line (RIN-5F cells).
Results:Results of the study showed that methanol extract of P.guajava, F.vulgare and
N.sativa exhibited answered positive for major secondary metabolites.  Alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory Effect of combination of P.guajava, F.vulgare and N.sativa extracts on the activities of α- amylase and α-glucosidase was evaluated. The plant extract showed potent inhibition of alpha amylase and glucosidase activity. Results of cell viabliltity of aqueous and methanol extract of combinations of Psidiumguajava, Foeniculumvulgareand Nigella sativa the most effective in protecting RIN-5F cells.
Conclusion: Present findings clearly indicate that differentialextracts ofPsidiumguajava, Foeniculumvulgareand Nigella sativahave strong alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity and showed no toxicity in RIN-5F pancreatic beta cells. Hence, our study concludes thatPsidiumguajava, Foeniculumvulgareand Nigella sativacan be considered as potential antidiabetic natural drugs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and associated complications.