Evaluation of the periodontal parameters and red complex microorganisms in Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment: A microbiological study

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the periodontal parametersand red complex microorganisms of the patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic treatment.

Materials and methods:Twenty-four subjects with malocclusion who were scheduled to undergo fixed orthodontic treatment were selected for the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Periodontal Parameters such as plaque index (PI),gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed at each time point:at baseline that is before fixed orthodontic treatment, third month and sixth month during the course of fixed orthodontic treatment. Following the assessment of periodontal parameters, the subgingival plaque samples from (RAMFJORD TEETH) were obtained and collected after appropriate tooth isolation using a sterile Gracey curette with one single vertical stroke. The samples were then transferred into Eppendorf tubes containing 1ml phosphate buffer solution and stored in freezer at -200 C maximum temperature.After measurement of clinical parameters and sample collection, all the subjects underwent scaling and root planing. Oral hygiene instructions were given. They were then referred back to Department of Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics for fixed orthodontic therapy. All subjects were recalled to the department of periodontology for assessment of clinical parameters and sample collection at each time point (3rd month and 6th month) while undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy.Scaling and root planing was done thereafter. Oral hygiene instructions were again reinforced.

Results:There was a gradual increase in the Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Bleeding on Probing, Probing Pocket Depth, Clinical Attachment Level and Red Complex Microorganisms, Porphyromonasgingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponemadenticola from baseline to 3rd and 6th month of fixed orthodontic treatment.

Conclusion:The results of this study shows that orthodontic appliance favours Plaque accumulation, resulting in more inflammation and bleeding.Proper oral hygiene and a healthy periodontium should be maintained  throughout the  orthodontic treatment for a successful outcome .