Evaluation of Lytic Bacteriophages for Control of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Typhi

Abstract

The introduction of antibiotic-resistant bacteria can cause severe clinical and public health concerns. This research serves as an indication of using bacteriophages to control multidrug-resistant bacterial Salmonella Typhi as an alternative agent. Two anti-Salmonella lytic bacteriophages were isolated from sewage water, primarily called Phage 1 and Phage 2. The large host spectrum of Phage 1 was lytic against all Salmonella isolates included in the analysis. In comparison, phage 2 has a small host range since only 25 isolates could be inhibited, and there are no phages of Discouraged bacteria other than Salmonella spp. Adsorption rate (Phage 1) was (2.2 x 10-10) ml one minute, Adsorption rate (phage 2) was (1.8 x 10-10) ml one minute. Phage 1 eclipse and latent cycles were 5, 11 minutes and 6.5, 13 minutes respectively for phage 2; Phage 1 and 2 burst sizes were 78 ± 15 pfu\cell and 61 ± 10 pfu\cell, respectively. The complete Phage 1 particle lysis period was four hours, while the complete Phage 2 particle lysis time was 5 hours. Phage passage findings showed a substantial increase in PFU, which reached its maximum elevation in Phage 1 at six passages and in Phage 2 at the fourth passage. Phage 1 and Phage 2 fitness for six generations were 23 ± 5 pfu\cell and 20 ± 2 pfu\cell, respectively. The particles of Phage 1 and 2 were stable at a broad ph range (6-10) at (30-50) °C, with an optimum tem. of 37 °C for the two phages