Ebola - A fatal Emerging Zoonotic Disease: A Review

Abstract

Zoonotic viral diseases are one of the threats to human health . Ebola virus is a filamentous virus which results in acute hemorrhagic fever in men and is assumed to pass on to humans by means of animals. The Filoviridae family consists of 3 genera, Cuevavirus ,Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus. This virus contain a large, un-fragmented, negative-stranded RNA that encodes glycoproteins, nucleoproteins, viral proteins, and certified RNA polymerase. Ebola virus disease has become a global health concern due to deaths and its rapid outbreaks. Here, the important aspects of the emerging Ebola disease outbreak, how it is transmitted from its natural reservoirs to humans, its pathogenesis, and some ways to prevent it are reviewed. The virus is spread through direct contact with the blood, secretions, organs, or other body fluids of infected wild animals or fruit bats, or through human or indirect contact with an environment contaminated with these fluids. Fruit bats are thought to be the natural carrier that can spread the virus without being affected by it. There is no known effective treatment available. Isolation of exposed animals is essential while severe contagion controlling measures are followed to inhibit transmission of the virus. Health education is important to prevent more people.There is an urgent need for specialists at all levels and in every country to increase care and work with the One Health system in order to be more effective in our battle against emerging diseases of zoonotic origin.