Effect of Sowing Term on the Photosynthetic Activity and Yield of Autumn Wheat Varieties

Abstract

The article examines the effect of photosynthetic activity on important physiological indicators, such as leaf index, accumulation of dry matter in plants, productivity of the photosynthetic network of biological varieties of winter wheat "Sanzar-8", "Skifyanka", "Intensive", "Unumli-bugdoy" during sowing (September 15, September 30, October 15, October 30, November 15, November 30). The counts of varieties (after overwintering) in the phases of germination, flowering, and waxy ripening showed that the leaf index was the highest in the variant on October 15 for all studied varieties. When the seeds were sown at the optimum time, that is, September 30 and especially October 15, the plants had a high leaf index (leaf level) and therefore high photosynthetic potential.

Special attention is paid to some aspects, or rather to the good accumulation of winter wheat varieties, amino acids and carbohydrates in the storage joints during the winter. At the beginning of winter (December 1), it was noticed that the differences between cultivars in total amino acids are greater between planting periods. All of the cultivars studied were found to have relatively high amino acid levels in seeds sown on October 15th, while those sown later than November 15th were found to be insufficient.

In winter, it was found that the amount of glucose in all cultivars and during sowing was up to 2 times higher than that of sucrose. The fact that the glucose content is significantly higher than that of sucrose and that in general the cells accumulate more soluble sugars is of great importance during the wintering process. Such changes have a positive significance, indicating an increase in the frost resistance of wheat varieties. The greatest number of glucose and sucrose seeds was observed in the Sanzar-8 variety sown on October 15-30.