Effect of Spraying with Nano Iron and Zinc and their Interactions on some Physiological Traits and Yield for Date Palm Fruits (Phoenix DactyliferaL) Al-BarhiCultivar

Abstract

The study was conducted in a palm orchard in the Shatt al-Arab district in Basra province during the 2020 growing season on date palm trees: Phoenix dactylifera L, the Barhi cultivar, aged about 15 years, with the aim of studying the effect of spraying nano iron at a concentration of (0, 500, 1000) mg / L and nano zinc at a concentration. (0, 500, 1000) mg / L in some physiological and productive traits of date palm Al-Barhi cultivar. The results showed that the treatment of 1000 mg / L nano iron was significantly excelled and it gave the highest percentage of set and maturity, the highest average of bunch weight and total yield, and the lowest percentage of fruit dropping, which was (83.225%, 63.402%, 6,733 kg, 47,133 kg and 12,813%) respectively, compared to the control treatment. The treatment 1000 mg / L of nano zinc also excelled and giving the highest average of bunch weight and total yield and the lowest percentage of fruit dropping by (6.602 kg, 46,214 kg and 15.674%) respectively, while the treatment 500 mg / L of nano zinc significantly in giving the highest percentage of contract and maturity for fruits, it amounted to 80.741% and 63.916%, respectively compared with the control treatment, That achieved the lowest average for set percentage, bunch weight and total yield (78.429%, 5.532 kg and 38.721 kg), respectively. The results also showed that the bi-interaction between the two study factors gave a significant advantage to the studied traits, where the combined treatment (1000 mg / L nano iron + 500 mg / L nano zinc) excelled with the highest average of maturity and the lowest percentage of fruit dropped (66.750% and 12.521%). respectively. Where, the interaction treatment of 1000 mg / L nano iron + 1000 mg / nano zinc gave the highest average of set percentage, bunch weight and total yield (83.574%, 7,350 kg and 51,450 kg) respectively. The study also showed that all the interaction treatments between the study factors gave a significantly excelled on most of the studied traits, compared to the control treatment, which achieved the lowest average of set, bunch weight and total yield, and the highest percentage of dropping fruits (71.862%, 4,653 kg, 32,571 kg and 25,145%, respectively.