Prevention and Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunctions in Patients with Discirculatory Enfephalopathy

Abstract

In the 60s of the last century, the terminology "discirculatory encephalopathy" was proposed, which is defined as a progressive disease that conducts cerebral circulation leading to a gradual deterioration in brain function. Irreversible lesions of the brain parenchyma, against the background of various multifactorial causes, lead to degeneration of brain structures, and subsequently to severe cognitive disorders. DE combines neurological, neuropsychological and mental disorders, in contrast to the term "chronic cerebral ischemia", which assumes the presence of one mechanism of damage (l). At one time, cognitive impairments are field-etiological conditions characterized by a decrease in memory and mental performance, with the allocation of a certain level of impairment from mild to severe (dementia or dementia) (k). According to statistics, among neurological patients, moderate cognitive impairment occurs in about 45%. And if mild and moderate disorders can be restored or stabilized to some extent, then dementia is such a pronounced persistent process that interferes not only with social and professional activity, but is characterized by irreversible signs (l). On average, up to 7.5 million new cases of dementia are reported annually, each of which becomes a heavy burden on society. The incidence of dementia increases with age, respectively, an increase in life expectancy, in parallel, increases the numbers of cognitive impairment. In addition, the disease is often combined with many somatic diseases. Therefore, cognitive impairment is an interdisciplinary problem for many specialists and remains relevant, both for establishing a diagnosis and for developing the principles of a modern approach to the rehabilitation of DE patients with cognitive dysfunction.