The Anti-Parkinson Effects of Cyanara Scoluymus (Artichoke) Extract in Rat Model of Rotenone Induced Parkinsonism

Abstract

Using the classical dopamine-based anti-Parkinson drugs is still associated with a broad spectrum of dilemmas that created the urgent need to include drugs that targets the other pathological events that accompanies the neurodegeneration process such as: oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and formation of α-Synuclien aggregates, the phytochemical contained in artichoke and using it as nootropiclead to expect further neuroprotective effects. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects of the dry whole artichoke extract. By measurement of dopamine (DA), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), IL- 1β, IL-6, cytochrome-c (Cyt-c), caspase-3 (Cas-3), myeloperoxidase (MPO) , and α-synuclin (SNCA) expression in midbrain samples of animal model of rotenone induced Parkinson disease (PD), and to perform neurobehavioral analysis and to compare it to that of pramipexole. 40 male albino rats were equally divided into: healthy control (no treatment), induction group (rotenone induced PD, 2.5 mg/kg IP every 48 hr for 20 days), pramipexole group (as in induction + pramipexole 1mg/kg orally after 30 min of induction), Artichoke group (as in induction+ artichoke 200 mg/kg orally after 30 min of induction). Compared to the induction group, artichoke could significantly increase open field test locomotion duration , improved cataleptic state, balance beam, and vertical pole performance, with significant increase of DA tissue concentration, and IL-6, significantly lower IL-1β, cas-3, cyt- c (p<0.01). Compared to pramipexole artichoke group exhibited longer duration to cross the balance beam, higher number of slips, shorter duration to slip down the vertical pole, and significantly lower IL-1β tissue concentration (p<0.01). It was concluded that artichoke has potential anti-Parkinson effects that is worthy of further research.