A Modern Approach to Diagnostics, Prediction and Course of Renal Cell Cancer

Abstract

Annually, about 295 thousand newly diagnosed cases of kidney cancer are registered in the world, and 134 thousand deaths from it. When analyzing the dynamics of epidemiological indicators over the past decades, an increase in the incidence of Renal Cell Cancer(RCC) was revealed, while mortality rates are significantly decreasing, especially in developed countries, which is associated with an increase in the use of medical imaging methods and the detection of small tumors (less than 4 cm), asymptomatic. ... At the time of diagnosis, RCC is detected at stage I in 45% of cases, locally advanced RCC in 33% of cases, and in 25% of cases, the tumor process is disseminated. Currently there are nomograms such asUCLA Integrated staging system (UISS), Stage Size Grade and Necrosis (SSIGN), integrated clinical and pathological prognostic scales for setting a prognosis, determining the duration and frequency of follow-up and determining a high-risk group in order to decide whether to conduct systemic therapy, however, they have a number of disadvantages and are in most cases intended for patients with metastatic RCC. Currently, the most common predictive model used for localized RCC is the Mayo Clinic's Integrated Staging System (UISS) and SSIGN. In connection with the above data, the development of new prognostic scales and nomograms with high accuracy and a personalized approach to the treatment of RCC patients based on risk categories are poorly understood problems and require in-depth study.