Investigation on the Insulin Hormone and Its Receptor in Obesity and type 2 Diabetes Disease

Abstract

      Obesity is a medical disorder in which excess fat builds up to the point that it has negative health consequences. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a type of diabetes characterized by a high level of glucose in the blood and the presence of insulin resistance. Here the pancreas suffers from a lack of secretion of the insulin hormone or there is an imbalance in the response to it by the cells. Obesity and T2DM are the most common diseases in Iraq and the world.

 The aim of this study is evaluate Insulin and insulin receptor (INSR), in two disease of adult’s patients with T2DM and obesity. A total of 60 patients with type 2 diabetes and 60 years old with good health between the ages of (33-57). The patient with T2DM group was divided into a two groups: (Group) (30) obese and (30) non-obese and the control also was divided in two groups: (Group) (30) obese and (30) on obese. The levels of insulin serum, INSR, FBS, HbA1c and lipid profile were measured and then a statistical analysis of the outcome data was performed. The obtained results indicated a significant decrease in the level of insulin and insulin receptor in T2DM patients compared to the control group values also showed decrease in the patients with obesity compared to normal weight group but it was no significant. There was a significant increase in FBS, HbA1c and IR in the patients with T2DM compared to control group, and in the patients with obesity the FBS was significant increase compared to control group and HbA1c showed significant increase in obese patients with T2DM compared to normal weight controls group but in the obese patient without T2DM showed no significant increase, also IR showed no significant in both groups of obese patients compared to normal weight group.   The results also revealed an increase in levels of (TC, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL) in T2DM patients compared to control groups values also showed increase in the levels of (TC, TG, LDL, VLDL) in obese patients with T2DM compared to normal weight with T2DM, only HDL showed decrease and in the obese patients without T2DM compared to control also showed increase in TC, TG, VLDL, but decrease in the levels of HDL and LDL. A conclusion from this study is that there is a highly action between insulin hormone and its receptor with T2DM in presence the obesity disease.