Effect of the Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Wound Healing Mediators of the Full Thickness Scald Injury

Abstract

Full thickness thermal injury causing severe tissue destruction resulting in excess scarring and disfigurements, so its therapy represents agreat challenge.The severity of this type of wounds could be ameliorated through controlling the wound healing mediators which could be achieved through using of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) as a type of regenerative therapy. 90 albino rats were divided into 3groups; group I (control), group II (scald model) the animals were exposed to water at 100^c for 10 sec under anesthesia, and group III (the scalded animals subcutaneously injected with BM-MSCs (2×10⁶ cells/ mL),they were clinically observed and sacrificed at different time intervals and skin samples were collected for histopathologicalexamination, and determiningthe expression rate of different wound healing mediators via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Therapy with BM-MSCs leading to significant down regulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumer necrotic factor-α (TNF-α),  metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), andmicroRNA-21 (miR-21),and marked up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), andheat shock protein-90α(HSP-90α) specially in late stage, whilst the inflammatory cells  and the scab were still detected until 14 day post treatment.

In conclusion: BM-MSCs have the ability to regulate the expression rate of the mediators that incorporated in the healing process of full thickness scald and enhancing the wound to progress to the inflammatory phase not to return to the chronic phase.