Molecular Biology and Biotechnology: Prospects of Genetic Engineering

Abstract

The main goal of biology is to solve practical problems of agriculture, medicine and control the evolution of life. The task of the same discipline is to create conditions for a sharp rise in the productivity of plants, animals and microorganisms; in mastering the ways of fighting for health, longevity, long-term adolescence of a person; to develop the methods for managing the genetic processes underlying the evolution of species; to solve problems associated with the widespread use of atomic energy, with the chemicalization of the home economy, with flights of spaceships. Science not only solves the problems posed by the present day, but also prepares the future for technology, medicine, agriculture, interstellar flights, and the conquest of nature. One of the most promising sciences of biology is genetic engineering, which studies the phenomena of heredity and variability of organisms. Heredity is one of the fundamental properties of life; it determines the reproduction of forms in each subsequent generation. And if we want to learn how to manage the development of life forms, the formation of useful ones for us and the elimination of harmful ones, we must understand the essence of heredity and the reasons for the appearance of new hereditary properties in organisms. As for molecular biology, it historically emerged as a branch of biochemistry. This article estimates prospects of genetic engineering in terms of improving strains of biotechnology today that seem almost indivisible and interrelated to one another.