Identification of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase E. Coli and K. Pneumoniae in Some Iraqi Hospitals

Abstract

Enterobacteriaceae is a large family of Gram-negative. The carbapeneme antibiotics are used as a last line of defense against multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria.The carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae can be caused by a variety of methods, including the synthesis of Carbapenemase enzymes. This study aims to estimate the anti-microbial susceptibility, mechanisms of carbapeneme-resistant ESBLs in two genera of the E. coli and K. pneumoniae. A total 380 clinical specimens were collected from patients attending hospitals / health centers and outpatient clinics including urine (165), swab (100), sputum (100), wound infection of diabetic foot (50), stool (50) and blood (10), during November (2022) to April (2023). Bacterial colonies were Gram stained and microscopically examined. Biochemical tests were done to identify pathogen species and Vitek- 2 system, and detect the antimicrobial susceptibility to different antibiotic. In the current study, as a general the results revealed that all isolates of E. coli were 100% resistant to lincomycin, In the current study, the results revealed that all isolates of K. pneumoniae were resistant to lincomycin were 100%, with high significant P<0.001.the Vitek-2 system utilized for the detection of ESBL of E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The phenotypic of ESBL results of E. coli in UTIs was 58.9% positive, while the results of phenotypic of carbenem for E. coli were 24.1% in UTIs. In conclusion, all isolates of E. coli resistant to lincomycin, by ampicillin, ceftazidime and cefozolin.