Epidemiology, Pathology and Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Makah Region of Saudi Arabia 2023

Abstract

Background:

      Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection endemic in more than ninety countries of the world. The (CL) is a most common form of leishmaniasis and it remains to be a major public health issue in Saudi Arabia. (CL)is an annoying and disfiguring disease affecting around 1,500,000 individuals globally. There are endemic pockets of this disease in Saudi Arabia. In some patients, lesion often weeps and leads to scar formation. Leishmaniasis is infectious disease. It is an intracellular parasitic microorganism that develops in the body of infected female phlebotomine sandflies vector, prior to its transmission to human or animal host by the vector bite. CL is a vector-borne protozoan infection affecting a large number of people in several countries, around 1.5 million CL new cases are emerging annually and approximately 350 million people are at risk. The great number of CL cases occurs in Algeria, Brazil, Afghanistan, Iran, Peru, Syria and Saudi Arabia.

Aim of the study: To highlight the current the epidemiology, pathology and treatment of CL in Makah Region of Saudi Arabia 2023.

Methods: Across sectional descriptive study conducted among patients visiting the primary health care in Makah region at Saudi Arabia, during the February to April, 2023, the Sample size of patients affected by Cutaneous Leishmaniasis our total participants were (60).

Results: shows that the majority of participants approximately (30.0%) were aged from 31-40 years, regarding sex, more than half of participant (53.33%) were ,  regarding living environment the majority of participant far from farms/no plants inside houses were (66.67%), regarding employment status most of participants employed were (70.0%), regarding the location of lesions the majority of participant head, face, and neck were (45.0%) regarding number of lesions most of participants from 3–4 were (40.0%) while 1-2 were (31.67%), regarding the  residence the majority of participant urban were (81.0%) followed by rural were (19.0%),  regarding animals around house most of participants answer No were (51.67%). Conclusion: Transmission of leishmaniasis in Makah region is probably because of poor coverage of residual insecticides spraying at hiding places in pile-ups of rocks and abandoned houses from where sand flies visit nearby houses and cattle sheds during night. Fluconazole and itraconazole may be used for the treatment of CL with good recovery rate and fewer side effects