Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): Ultrasound Findings and Hormonal Assay Result

Abstract

PCOS is a syndrome of ovarian dysfunction along with the cardinal features of hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary morphology. The etiology of PCOS is not completely clear, but there is often a family history. The objective of this study is to see what type of symptoms that are linked to PCOS and lead the patient to look for physician help, second how does the history, ultrasound findings and hormonal test result to establish the diagnosis of PCOS. A field study was conducted on 30 female patients attending Al-Zhraa and Al-Karama Teaching Hospitals, and subjected to collection of the history and biochemical and hormonal profile of these patients through blood samples and ultrasound features. The results revealed that 26 (87%) had oligomenorrhea and 4 (13%) had amenorrhea, 21 (70%) had acne, 10 (33%) had hirsutism and 19 (63%) suffered obesity 12 (40%) had positive family history and 16 (53%) were married, 13 (43%) had normal ovarian volume, 17 (57%) had increased ovarian volume and 30 (100%) had multiple cysts distributed over the ovarian, 28 (93%) had elevated Luteinizing Hormone (LH) levels, 16 (53%) had low Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and 14 (47%) had normal FSH levels, 18 (60%) had elevated testosterone levels and 12 (40%) had normal testosterone levels. In conclusion, PCOS has many clinical features such oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, hirsutism, acne and obesity and the ultrasound features include multiple cyst distributed over the ovarian and/or changes to ovarian volume and increased echogenicity other features include biochemical changes, obesity is a very common finding in patient with PCOS and family history is also important in diagnosis so it is very important to suspect PCOS in obese patient with family history of PCOS and menstrual abnormality and establishing the diagnosis with ultrasound findings although not all these features can be represented in single patient.