Perinatal outcome associated with oligohydramnios in third trimester

Abstract

Objective: To compare the outcomes of term gestations with oligohydramnios in the absence of other underlying disorders and term gestations with normal amniotic fluid.

Methods: This case-control prospective study was conducted at SMGS hospital Jammu for a period of 6 months from 17 October 2018 to 18 April 2018. In this study, 300 singelton pregnant females with gestational age from 34-40 weeks with intact membranes and no associated pregnancy‑induced hypertension, DM and fetal congenital abnormalities were analysed for pregnancy and perinatal outcome. Pregnant females were divided in two groups. 100 consecutive pregnant females with AFI ≤ 5cm at term were included in group A and 200 women with AFI ≥ 5cm and ≤ 20cm were included in group B. The results were statistically analysed using parameters like mean, standard deviation and chi square test and p value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

Results: Mean maternal age in group A and group B was 24.1±2.3 and 23.8±2.2 (in years) respectively. 65 females (65%) in group A and 116 females (58%) in group B were nulliparous. Mean gestational age in group A and group B was 37.75±1.9 and 38.25±2.7 (in weeks) respectively. Comparing the pregnancy outcomes, 25 patients (25%) in group A while 16 patients (8%) in group B had nonreactive CTG tracings, 15 patients (15%) in group A and 8 patients (4%) in group B had abnormal doppler parameters. In group A, 38 patients (38%) delivered by caesarean, 6 patients (6%) delivered instrumentally, while in group B, 40 patients (20%) delivered by caesarean, 8 patients (4%) delivered instrumentally. 4 still births (4%) in group A and 1 still birth (0.5%) in group B were noted whereas 23 (23%) NICU admissions in group A and 19 (9.5%) NICU admissions in group B were noted respectively.

Conclusion: Oligohydramnios is associated with adverse perinatal outcome, more chances of caesarean deliveries.